The SAT, or Scholastic Aptitude Test, was first administered by the College Board in 1926 as a standardized college admissions test. Developed in a context where colleges sought a more uniform measure of applicants' academic preparedness, the SAT aimed to evaluate students based on their reasoning abilities and scholastic potential rather than merely their high school grades. The inaugural exam was taken by approximately 8,000 students from about 500 high schools across the United States, a significant step toward the modern concept of standardized testing in education.

The College Board's introduction of the SAT signified a shift in the landscape of college admissions. Prior to the SAT's existence, most colleges primarily relied on high school grades and recommendations. This new standardized test provided a common metric that could be applied across different schools with varying academic standards. The implementation of the SAT not only aimed to assess students' knowledge but also their critical thinking and problem-solving skills, underpinning the educational philosophy of the era that emphasized cognitive development.

As the SAT evolved through the decades, its role in college admissions became immensely influential. By the mid-20th century, the SAT became virtually synonymous with college entrance assessments. It opened doors for many students who might not have had access to reputable colleges otherwise. However, it also raised questions about equity and the effectiveness of standardized testing as a true measure of a student’s capability, leading to ongoing debates in educational policy and practice.