The Lithuanian Activist Front (LAF), a nationalist organization, declared the independence of Lithuania from Soviet control and formed a Provisional Government. This proclamation occurred in the context of World War II and the shifting powers in Eastern Europe. The LAF sought to exploit the chaos of the ongoing war to reclaim Lithuanian sovereignty, which had been lost during prior Soviet annexation in 1940. Shortly thereafter, the Provisional Government issued statements emphasizing the restoration of Lithuania's statehood and its intention to cooperate with the German authorities, reflecting a complex relationship influenced by the looming Nazi invasion.

While the declaration initially resonated with national aspirations, the realities of the war soon complicated the LAF's ambitions. In mere days, Nazi forces invaded Lithuania, ushering in a new era characterized by occupation and repression. The Provisional Government, while seeking legitimacy and support, faced obstacles due to the swift changes on the battlefield, leading to the dissolution of the government and the arrest or execution of many of its leaders. The anticipated support from Germany was often exploitative, leading to a perilous situation for the Lithuanian population.

This brief moment of declared independence is vital for understanding Lithuania's turbulent history during the 20th century. The LAF's actions illustrate not only the struggle for independence but also the complex web of alliances and enmities that defined the region. The occupation by Nazi forces not only thwarted Lithuanian aspirations for autonomy but also set the stage for further suffering during the Holocaust and subsequent Soviet re-occupation. The declaration and its aftermath reveal the intricacies of national identity, autonomy, and the impact of global conflicts on local movements.