The Aqua Traiana was inaugurated under the rule of Emperor Trajan, representing a key development in the infrastructure of ancient Rome. The aqueduct was constructed to transport water from Lake Bracciano, located about 40 kilometers northwest of the city, directly into Rome. This construction was part of Trajan’s broader vision to improve the urban environment and public health of Rome by ensuring a steady supply of fresh water. The project showcased innovative engineering techniques, including the use of arches and gravity to facilitate the movement of water over long distances.

During the inauguration, the populace of Rome was invited to experience the monumental celebration, highlighting the importance of such infrastructure projects in the public life of the city. The Aqua Traiana not only improved the quality of life for citizens but also supported the growing population and their needs. The aqueduct featured sophisticated systems to manage the flow of water, ensure its purity, and distribute it to various sections of the city, including baths and fountains, which were central to Roman social life.

The importance of clean water in urbanization cannot be overstated, and Trajan's aqueducts set a high standard for future engineering endeavors. It was a reflection of the Roman commitment to civic duty and the welfare of its citizens, and this instance marked a pivotal moment in the history of Roman civil engineering and infrastructure.