The capitulation of the Spanish garrison in Évora occurred after the Battle of Ameixial, where Portuguese forces achieved a significant victory against the Spanish troops. This battle was part of the broader Portuguese Restoration War, which began in 1640 when Portugal sought to regain its independence from Spanish rule after a 60-year period of union. Following the defeat at Ameixial, the morale of the Spanish forces plummeted, leading to the decision for the garrison in Évora to surrender. The capture of Évora was strategically important for Portugal, as it served as a key military and logistical center in the Alentejo region.

The surrender on this date was a pivotal moment, symbolizing not only a military triumph but also the resurgence of Portuguese national identity. As the Portuguese forces continued to secure more victories against the Spanish, support for the monarchy grew, thereby solidifying their cause. The earlier engagements of the war, characterized by intense skirmishes and guerrilla tactics, had bred a fierce determination amongst the Portuguese troops and populace, who were resolved to reclaim full autonomy over their nation. This surrender represented a culmination of these efforts, enhancing the Portuguese position in the ongoing conflict.

In the larger context of European politics at the time, this victory allowed Portugal to gain favor with potential allies and assert itself as an independent power on the continent. The captured city of Évora became emblematic of Portuguese resilience and the spirit of independence. As the war continued, the subsequent peace treaties further solidified the boundaries and governance of Portugal, influencing the region for generations to come.