The performance of 'O Canada' marked a pivotal moment in Canadian cultural history. Introduced at the Congrès national des Canadiens-Français, an event aimed at promoting and celebrating French-Canadian identity, the anthem encapsulated the spirit of nationalism that was growing in Canada during the late 19th century. The song was composed by Calixa Lavallée, a notable musician and composer, while the lyrics were penned by Adolphe-Basile Routhier, a renowned poet and playwright. Their collaboration resulted in a piece that not only resonated with French Canadians but also laid the groundwork for a national identity in a diverse and geographically expansive country.

The event took place in Quebec City, a hub of French-Canadian culture and political engagement at the time. The choice of venue reflected the significance of the gathering, which attracted delegates from across Quebec and beyond, all united in the common cause of celebrating their heritage. The first performance was met with enthusiasm, underscoring the emotional connection many felt to the themes of pride and unity expressed in the song. As 'O Canada' gained traction, it began to represent all Canadians, regardless of their linguistic or cultural background.

Over the years, the song underwent several lyrical changes and adaptations, particularly to better reflect the nation's bilingual identity and heritage. The journey of 'O Canada' from a regional song to a symbol of national pride highlights the evolution of Canadian identity in a period where multiculturalism began to gain recognition. In 1980, a century after its premiere, the song was officially adopted as the national anthem of Canada, underscoring its importance in the country's history and cultural consciousness.