The transition from Siam to Thailand began as a nationalist initiative led by Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram, who aimed to strengthen national identity and unify the diverse ethnic groups within the country. The name 'Thailand' means 'land of the free', which resonated with the Thai people as a declaration of their independence from foreign domination, particularly in the context of the rising tide of nationalism across Asia during the interwar years. The move was not merely a change of name, but part of larger reforms that sought to modernize the country's political and economic structures.Phibunsongkhram, a military leader influenced by fascist ideologies, sought to create a distinct Thai identity that would encompass all citizens, including ethnic minorities. By renaming the country, he intended to instill a sense of pride and cohesion, thereby fostering loyalty among the populace. The new name was promoted through government propaganda, education, and public ceremonies to ensure its acceptance and integration into everyday language and culture.The renaming also coincided with other significant changes in the country, including the promotion of a new national culture that included Thai music, dance, and clothing. These efforts contributed to a broader strategy of nation-building that shaped Thailand’s identity in the decades to come, particularly as the country navigated the geopolitical challenges of World War II and the post-war era.