In June 1944, as World War II raged across Europe, the Royal Air Force (RAF) conducted bombing missions against Axis forces. On June 26, in a tragic twist, the RAF targeted the neutral microstate of San Marino based on erroneous intelligence that indicated German troop concentrations within its borders. San Marino, situated near the frontline of the war and surrounded by Axis-aligned Italy, declared its neutrality and had been largely untouched by direct conflict until this fateful day.

The bombing raid led to significant civilian casualties, with 35 men, women, and children losing their lives. Buildings and homes were also damaged, creating a sense of shock and fear in the small community. The incident highlighted the dangers of wartime miscommunication and the unfortunate consequences that could arise from reliance on flawed intelligence during comprehensive military operations.

Additionally, the bombing of San Marino raised questions about the sanctity of neutral states in wartime and the extent to which they could be assured of protection. The tragedy garnered international attention, prompting discussions about the responsibility of military forces to ensure accurate information before engaging in airstrikes, especially against a declared neutral state.