When 'The Lottery' was published in The New Yorker, it was met with immediate controversy and intrigue. The story narrates an annual lottery held in a seemingly tranquil and traditional small town, where residents gather to participate. As the plot unfolds, the unsettling nature of this lottery is revealed, culminating in an unexpected and brutal conclusion. Shirley Jackson's deft storytelling and the stark contrasts between the ordinary setting and the horrifying tradition unfold a layered narrative that invites readers to reflect on their values and societal pressures.

Published during a time when the United States was recovering from World War II and experiencing the anxieties of the post-war era, 'The Lottery' resonated deeply with readers, reflecting questions surrounding conformity, tradition, and the often-discussed nature of humanity. The story invites complex readings and has been interpreted in various ways throughout the decades. Notably, Jackson's decision to withhold the significance of the lottery until the story's climax intensifies its impact and challenges the reader's expectations, making them complicit in the narrative's horror.

The initial response to 'The Lottery' was divisive; numerous letters flooded The New Yorker’s office, revealing both outrage and admiration. Jackson later recounted that she was surprised by the intense reactions, reflecting other themes such as fear of the unknown and the hidden darkness within everyday life. This level of engagement pointed to the story's powerful commentary on human nature and societal traditions, ensuring its place in American literary canon.