Madagascar's journey to independence unfolded in the mid-20th century against a backdrop of rising nationalism and anti-colonial sentiments across Africa. Colonized by France in the 19th century, Madagascar experienced significant political and social changes under colonial rule, with many Malagasy people growing increasingly discontented with their lack of rights and recognition. The post-World War II era saw a surge in decolonization movements, catalyzing movements in Madagascar for greater autonomy. The Malagasy Democratic Movement and other political factions began advocating for the island’s self-rule. Negotiations between Malagasy leaders and French officials resulted in the gradual handover of authority, characterized by a relatively peaceful transition compared to other African nations. Led by figures such as Philibert Tsiranana, the first president of independent Madagascar, the independence movement attempted to unite various ethnic groups and create a cohesive national identity. On June 26, 1960, the formal independence was proclaimed in Antananarivo, heralding a new chapter for the nation. Following independence, Madagascar faced challenges related to governance, economy, and national unity as it navigated post-colonial realities.