The Republic of Ragusa emerged as one of the notable maritime city-states of the Adriatic during the Middle Ages. Following a successful diplomatic negotiation, Ragusa gained independence from the Kingdom of Hungary in 1358. This independence allowed Ragusa to avoid the conflicts that plagued its neighbors and to focus on developing its maritime capabilities. The city, known for its natural harbor and trade routes, quickly flourished as a pivotal trading hub, connecting Eastern and Western markets. This advantageous position enabled Ragusa to establish itself as a key player in the Mediterranean trade, particularly forging alliances with Italian city-states like Venice and Genoa.

The governance of Ragusa was unique for its time; the city was administered as a republic, with a system that allowed merchants and the elite to participate actively in politics. The government adopted measures ensuring political stability and public welfare, which contributed to the city's growth. Commerce thrived, with Ragusa dominating trade in salt and other goods, bolstered by a thriving maritime fleet. The prosperity that followed not only enhanced its wealth but also instilled a vibrant culture blending elements from Italian, Slavic, and Byzantine influences, reflected in its architecture and public life.

As Ragusa grew, it became increasingly important to protect its interests from external threats and rival powers. The civic pride and wealth of the city motivated its inhabitants to fortify their defenses and navigate complex diplomatic waters, ensuring the survival and autonomy of the republic for centuries. This combination of strategic location, robust governance, and economic acumen helped establish Ragusa as a leading Adriatic power during the late Middle Ages.