The proclamation of the Vidovdan Constitution was a pivotal moment for the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. King Alexander I, seeking to unify the diverse ethnic groups within his realm, introduced this constitution on June 28, 1921, in Belgrade. Known for its ambition to create a more democratic government, the constitution established a parliamentary system that included representatives from various nationalities, while also reinforcing the powers of the monarchy. The choice of June 28 coincided with the feast of Saint Vitus, a date imbued with historical significance for Serbs as it commemorates the Battle of Kosovo, making it a symbolically rich moment for the Serbian people.

The Vidovdan Constitution established civil rights and framed the structure of governance, yet it also reflected the ongoing tensions between different ethnic groups. King Alexander I's vision aimed at fostering a sense of unity among Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. However, the constitutional provisions often favored Serbian interests, leading to discontent among the Croats and Slovenes. The initial excitement over the proclamation was soon overshadowed by political challenges, including efforts to marginalize non-Serb elements in the governmental structure, which ultimately led to increasing regional tensions and dissatisfaction among minority groups.

In time, the challenges posed by the Vidovdan Constitution became evident. It struggled to manage the diverse political aspirations and ethnic identities within the kingdom effectively. The constitution would govern the kingdom until it was replaced by a more centralized system in the late 1920s. Despite its noble intentions, the framework provided by the Vidovdan Constitution is often viewed as a contributing factor to the intense nationalistic sentiments that later erupted in the region, eventually leading to significant political unrest and conflict in the subsequent decades.