On June 28, 1945, Poland’s Provisional Government of National Unity was officially formed, a crucial step in the postwar reorganization of the country. Following the end of World War II, Poland was significantly affected by the geopolitical changes orchestrated by the Allied powers, notably during the Yalta Conference held in February 1945. This conference established how postwar Europe would be governed, with Poland under significant Soviet influence due to its geographic proximity, strategic importance, and historical ties to Russia. The new government was a coalition that included members from both the Polish Communist Party and the Polish People's Party, aiming to present a semblance of democratic processes while effectively serving Soviet interests.

The Provisional Government was established in Warsaw and sought to consolidate power and legitimacy among a populace that had experienced significant upheaval, including occupation and wartime devastation. By including multiple parties, the Soviets aimed to quell opposition and present a facade of unity. However, this government faced challenges as it struggled to reconcile the desires of various factions within Poland's complex political landscape, with deep-seated issues stemming from the war, such as ethnic tensions and economic instability.

As the new government's alignment with Soviet policies became evident, it marked the beginning of a period of oppression and control over Polish society. The establishment of this government signified not just a political change, but also a cultural and social transformation, as the Soviet model would heavily influence Poland’s institutions, economy, and everyday life for decades to come.