The Organization of Afro-American Unity was founded by Malcolm X in New York City as a response to the civil rights struggles African Americans faced in the United States. Inspired by the principles of the Organization of African Unity, which sought to foster solidarity among African nations, Malcolm X aimed to create a parallel movement that would address the specific issues facing African Americans. His vision included the promotion of self-determination, education, and political empowerment for Black Americans. The organization's mission was to mobilize African Americans to fight against the injustices they encountered, including segregation, discrimination, and economic inequality.

During the gathering where the organization was announced, Malcolm X delivered a powerful speech that encapsulated his thoughts on the necessity of unity among African Americans. He highlighted the importance of understanding their shared struggles and the need for collective action. The call for unification was not only about civil rights but also about economic empowerment, education, and the establishment of a political presence among Black citizens. By forging connections with other movements globally, Malcolm X aimed to create a broader narrative of solidarity and justice.

The formation of the Organization of Afro-American Unity marked a pivotal moment for Malcolm X's activism. While it was a continuation of his previous work with the Nation of Islam, it signaled a shift toward a more inclusive and politically engaged approach that sought to build coalitions beyond the African American community. The organization sought not only to uplift Black Americans but also to engage in the global struggle against colonialism and racism. Malcolm X's vision for the group eventually became part of the broader Black Power movement, advocating for systemic change and social justice.