In the spring of 1989, a large pro-democracy movement emerged in China, primarily led by students who gathered in Tiananmen Square, Beijing. Spurred by desires for political reforms, greater freedoms, and the end of governmental corruption, the protests attracted widespread support from various segments of society, including intellectuals and workers. Over the course of seven weeks, the protests grew in size and visibility, capturing both national and international attention. However, as the Chinese government became increasingly concerned about maintaining control, it declared martial law in late May.

On June 3-4, the government decided to take decisive action. Troops from the People's Liberation Army advanced towards Tiananmen Square, employing tanks and armed personnel carriers to clear the area of protesters. The situation escalated into violence as soldiers confronted demonstrators. Reports varied widely, but it was estimated that hundreds, if not thousands, of lives were lost during the military crackdown. The government's efforts to quell the protests included a widespread censorship of media reporting and a crackdown on dissent across the country.

The Tiananmen Square protests and the subsequent military intervention became emblematic of the struggle for human rights and political freedoms in China. While the government managed to retake control, the event left deep scars within Chinese society and fueled ongoing debates regarding democracy and state authority. Many of those involved in the protests and the crackdown faced persecution, arrest, or went into exile as a result of their involvement amid the violent suppression.