Warren G. Harding's appointment of William Howard Taft as Chief Justice of the United States was a pivotal transition in American legal history. After serving as the 27th President from 1909 to 1913, Taft had extensive legal and political experience. His return to public life as Chief Justice reflected Harding's commitment to a strong judiciary. The Supreme Court was facing a challenging period during the early 1920s, grappling with significant issues concerning civil rights, labor disputes, and the role of the government in economic affairs. Taft's appointment came at a time when the country was recovering from the effects of World War I and navigating its socio-economic challenges.

Taft's tenure as Chief Justice began on July 11, 1921, and he ultimately served until 1930, making him the only person in U.S. history to hold both the presidency and the chief justiceship. His leadership style was characterized by a focus on administrative efficiency and a commitment to judicial reform. He sought to improve the operations of the court and advocated for the establishment of a system of federal judges that would elevate the quality of justice delivered across the country. Harding, understanding the need for stability, saw in Taft a figure who could command respect and authority on the bench, which was essential during years of economic adjustment and political change.