Zhang Zuolin, often referred to as the 'Old Marshal', was a prominent warlord and political leader in early 20th century China. His rise to power came during a time of significant upheaval, as multiple factions competed for control following the fall of the Qing Dynasty. By the late 1920s, he became a key figure in Northern China, establishing a government in Manchuria and playing a considerable role in the national politics of the Republic of China. Zhang's administration was characterized by its relationship with Japan, whose interests in Manchuria were both economic and territorial, leading to his significant leverage within the region.

The assassination occurred on June 4, 1928, as Zhang was traveling by train. A Japanese bombing squad orchestrated the attack, showcasing Japan's willingness to eliminate threats to its regional ambitions. Following the explosion, Zhang was severely injured and later succumbed to his wounds. This act not only marked the end of his influence but also reflected Japan's strategic goals in establishing greater control over Manchuria and surrounding territories.

In the wake of Zhang's death, a power vacuum emerged in Manchuria, which ultimately contributed to increased tensions between Japan and China. Various factions vied for control, leading to further turmoil and conflict, setting the stage for future confrontations that would culminate in the Second Sino-Japanese War. The assassination of Zhang Zuolin stands as a critical moment in the tumultuous history of early 20th century China, highlighting the intersections of local power struggles and foreign imperial interests.