In 1932, amid widespread discontent over economic instability and social inequality, General Marmaduke Grove led a military coup that resulted in the establishment of the Socialist Republic of Chile. This upheaval came after a period of political turbulence in which the country had experienced various short-lived governments. Grove and his fellow military officers sought to address the plight of the working class by enacting progressive reforms and redistributing land and wealth. However, the political environment was charged, and the coup quickly polarized Chilean society.

The new government faced significant challenges including opposition from conservative factions, political rivalries, and a struggling economy. The Socialist Republic of Chile was marked by ambitious proposals, including nationalization of industries and land reforms aimed at alleviating poverty. These radical changes significantly threatened the interests of the business elite and conservative elements within the military and society.

Despite initial support from various labor movements, the government led by Grove demonstrated instability, as rival factions within the military and political opposition worked to undermine the new regime. Within months, internal discord and a lack of cohesive policy direction led to the collapse of the Socialist Republic, causing a return to a more conservative government. The overthrow served as a pivotal moment in Chile's political landscape, foreshadowing further struggles over power and governance in the years that followed.