The capture of Beijing by the Manchu forces under the leadership of the Shunzhi Emperor marked a significant transition in Chinese history, symbolizing the end of the Ming dynasty's long reign and the rise of the Qing dynasty. The Ming dynasty, which had ruled since 1368, was in severe decline due to pervasive corruption, economic troubles, and peasant rebellions like the one led by Li Zicheng. In April 1644, after a series of military defeats and internal upheaval, Li Zicheng's forces captured Beijing, prompting the last Ming emperor, Chongzhen, to commit suicide as the capital fell into chaos.

The Manchu forces, who had been consolidating power in the northeast, seized the opportunity presented by the Ming's disarray. Led by Shunzhi, they entered Beijing shortly after the Ming collapse, effectively taking control of the city. The stunning speed with which the Manchu forces captured the capital was aided by their strategic alliances and military prowess. This decisive victory opened the gates for their administration and the establishment of the Qing dynasty, which would rule China for nearly three centuries, reshaping the structure of Chinese society and governance.

The Shunzhi Emperor ascended to the throne at the young age of 14 and was instrumental in integrating various cultural elements, including Manchu and Han traditions. The capture of Beijing thus set the stage not only for political change but also for cultural synthesis, allowing the new rulers to implement their governance style while maintaining existing institutions. The Qing dynasty's dominion would eventually expand far beyond Beijing, establishing one of the largest empires in history.