In the spring of 1864, the American Civil War was reaching a critical phase, particularly in the Shenandoah Valley, a region pivotal for both Northern and Southern war efforts. On June 5, Union forces, commanded by General David Hunter, launched an attack on Confederate troops near Piedmont. The Confederate forces, under the leadership of General William W. Jones, were positioned to defend their territory, but they lacked the resources and manpower to successfully repel the Union assault. The battle was characterized by intense fighting in rugged terrain, with Union troops utilizing their artillery advantage effectively.

As the clash unfolded, Hunter's forces employed strategic maneuvers to flank the Confederates, leading to a decisive engagement that ultimately overwhelmed Jones's troops. The Union victory at Piedmont not only resulted in the capture of approximately 1,000 Confederate soldiers but also hindered the Confederate defensive posture in the region. The battle's outcome boosted Union morale and affirmed Hunter's reputation as an effective commander during a tumultuous time in the war.

The aftermath of the battle saw a significant realignment of troops in the Shenandoah Valley, as Hunter looked to exploit his victory by pushing deeper into Confederate territory. This success served as a precursor to further Union operations in Virginia and reinforced the strategic importance of the Valley in the Civil War.