The Siege of Jerusalem was a crucial episode in the broader context of the First Crusade, which began in 1096 in response to a call from Pope Urban II. The crusaders aimed to capture Jerusalem and liberate the Holy Land from Muslim rule. After conquering several cities and encountering various challenges, the crusading forces, comprised mainly of European knights and soldiers, approached Jerusalem in June 1099. The city was a tightly held fortress guarded by the Fatimid Caliphate, which had fortified its walls following previous conflicts with other crusading forces. As the besiegers arrived, they were met with high tensions and a fortified enemy. Recognizing the need for a strategic approach, the crusaders established a blockade and crafted siege engines including towers and ramps to aid their assaults on the walls.

Over the course of several weeks, the siege proved arduous, with supplies dwindling and morale waning among the besieging forces. Nonetheless, the crusaders were driven by religious fervor and the promise of restoring Christian control over the sacred city. With tireless efforts, they intensified their attacks and finally managed to breach the city's defenses in July 1099. The siege culminated in a fierce battle within the city, leading to overwhelming conflict and established control over Jerusalem by Christian forces, albeit with severe consequences for the local Muslim and Jewish populations. This moment marked a significant turning point in the First Crusade, cementing the crusaders' dominion in the region.