Tennessee's secession from the Union marked a significant turning point in the early phase of the American Civil War. The state's decision was influenced by a combination of factors including economic interests, cultural ties to the South, and strong sentiments favoring the Confederacy. Prior to secession, Tennessee was a critical state for both the North and the South due to its agricultural output and strategic location. The push for secession gained momentum after the fall of Fort Sumter in April 1861, as many Tennesseans felt that the Union was no longer serving their interests.

On June 8, 1861, the Tennessee legislature met to officially decide on secession. The vote resulted in overwhelming support for withdrawal, influenced heavily by Tennessee's slave economy and the social structures that depended on it. The governor at the time, Isham Harris, was a staunch supporter of secession, advocating fiercely for the interests of the state. The vote was not merely an expression of political opinion; it was rooted in a desire to protect the institution of slavery and maintain autonomy in the face of perceived northern aggression.

The ramifications of Tennessee's decision were wide-reaching. Following the secession, the state became a major battleground in the Civil War, witnessing numerous significant battles including the Battle of Shiloh and the Battle of Chattanooga. Tennessee's loyalty to the Confederacy made it a strategic asset, as it provided valuable troop support and materiel for Confederate armies. However, the decision also resulted in deep societal divisions within the state, leading to guerilla warfare and internal conflicts between Unionist and Confederate sympathizers. The complex legacy of Tennessee's secession continues to be examined by historians today, shedding light on the nuanced dynamics of loyalty and conflict during this tumultuous period.