The Syria-Lebanon Campaign commenced as part of the broader context of World War II, in response to the collaboration of Vichy France with Axis powers. Located in the Levant, Syria and Lebanon contained significant strategic interests for the Allies, including vital supply routes and access to the Suez Canal. The campaign began on June 8, 1941, with British Commonwealth forces, comprising primarily troops from the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, alongside Free French forces led by General Philippe Leclerc. The Allies sought to defeat the Vichy French troops who had control over the territories, which had declared neutrality but were effectively siding with Axis powers.As Allied forces advanced, they engaged in several key battles, notably around Merdjayoun and Sidon, complete with air support from the Royal Air Force. The operation was marked by a series of intense skirmishes, artillery exchanges, and maneuver warfare strategies that aimed to outflank and overwhelm the Vichy French defenses. The Allies faced challenges due to rough terrain and difficult weather conditions, yet they managed to secure critical victories that would enable them to push further into the region. The campaign continued through July, culminating in an Allied victory that resulted in the capture of Damascus, effectively ending Vichy French control over Syria and Lebanon. This outcome not only bolstered Allied strategic positions in the Middle East but also helped to promote the efforts of the Free French forces led by Charles de Gaulle, eventually allowing for increased Allied collaboration in the region.