Jacques Cartier, an ambitious French navigator, set out on an expedition in 1534 with the aim of exploring the coastal regions of North America. His journey marked a significant point in European exploration, as he aimed to establish French claims in the newly discovered territories. Traveling under the patronage of King Francis I, Cartier's voyage took him to the northern Atlantic coast, where he began to explore the Saint Lawrence River, which represents one of North America's most important waterways. As he advanced up the river, Cartier meticulously documented the landscapes, currents, and geographical features, creating the first European maps of this crucial area.

In his ascent along the Saint Lawrence, Cartier encountered various indigenous groups, establishing connections that would later play a critical role in French colonial history. Notably, he interacted with the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, learning about their customs and way of life. His mapping of the river and interactions with indigenous peoples provided the French with crucial knowledge of the region's resources and potential alliances in trade and settlement.

Cartier's legacy is marked by these detailed accounts. His documentation not only paved the way for future explorers but also influenced the subsequent colonization and French presence in North America. The maps he produced were instrumental for the French expeditions that would follow, as they outlined the route to further territories and facilitated communication and trade with the Aboriginal inhabitants.