The International Council on Archives (ICA) was established to address the mounting needs for systematic management and preservation of archival materials worldwide. The founding meeting was convened in Paris, France, under the auspices of UNESCO with representatives from numerous countries, reflecting a growing recognition of the importance of documentation and archives in preserving historical memory and cultural identity. The ICA aimed to unify the efforts of archivists globally to uphold standards and best practices in the field of archiving, ensuring that records vital for understanding history and governance are preserved and accessible.

Prior to the founding of the ICA, nations often managed archives independently, leading to discrepancies in practices and access. The assembly sought to set international guidelines and provide a platform for collaboration among archivists. Delegates emphasized the necessity of archival sciences as essential not only for the conservation of documents but also for supporting democratic governance and the right to information in the wake of global changes post-World War II. The founding of the Council marked a pivotal step in the recognition of archives as critical resources for civil society.

Since its inception, the ICA has played a central role in fostering global networking among archivists and advocating for the profession. The organization has organized frequent conferences, training programs, and has developed various standards and best practices in the field. This collaborative approach supports countries in developing their archival resources and improves public access to documents, which is an essential aspect of transparency and accountability in governance.