The establishment of the Russian State Library marked a significant moment in the cultural history of Russia. Originally founded as the Library of the Moscow Public Museum, the library was created in the context of a growing demand for accessible educational resources in the mid-19th century. During this period, Russia was undergoing substantial social and political changes, and there was a pressing need to foster literacy and learning among its citizens. The founders envisioned the library not just as a collection of books, but also as a vital educational institution that would support research and scholarship across various disciplines.

Located in Moscow, the library was designed to be a central repository for literature, scientific texts, and historical documents. Its mission was to promote a culture of reading and scholarly inquiry, positioning itself as a key player in the intellectual life of the nation. Initially, the library began to amass a collection from various sources, including private donations and governmental acquisitions, which would serve as the foundation for its future growth.

Over time, the Russian State Library expanded its collections significantly, and it became one of the largest libraries in the world. This development highlighted the importance placed on public education in Russia and reflected a shift towards more progressive educational reforms that characterized the era. Scholars and the general public alike benefited from the resources made available, solidifying the library's role as an indispensable institution in Russian society.