Nicolau Coelho was an essential figure in the early modern age of exploration, serving as a companion to Vasco da Gama on his momentous journey to India. The expedition, which began in 1497, aimed to establish a sea route to India, thus enhancing Portugal's trading network and diminishing reliance on overland trade routes dominated by Middle Eastern powers. Coelho played a crucial role in navigating the perilous waters along the African coast and into the Indian Ocean, where they faced numerous challenges, including unpredictable weather and local hostilities. Upon reaching the coast of India, Coelho assisted in establishing diplomatic relations and trade with the local rulers, showcasing Portugal's intent to secure their trade interests in spices and textiles.

After nearly two years at sea, Coelho and Gama's return to Lisbon was met with great celebration. They brought back not only precious goods but also invaluable knowledge of the trade routes, local resources, and the cultures encountered during the voyage. This expedition laid the foundations for the future of Portuguese maritime power and its colonial ventures in Asia. Nicolau Coelho's accomplishments were significant as they highlighted a shift in trade dynamics in the world, making Lisbon a pivotal trading hub.

The implications of Coelho's voyage extended beyond commerce; they signified the beginning of an era of European colonialism. This exploration led to a surge in rivalries between European powers as they scrambled for dominance in trade and territory across Asia, further fueling the Age of Discovery. Coelho's role in this monumental voyage underscores the importance of exploration as a catalyst for geopolitical and economic changes during the Renaissance period.