Zhu Chenhao, the Prince of Ning, publicly proclaimed Dong Qichang, the reigning Emperor Zhengde of the Ming dynasty, a usurper. This declaration marked the beginning of what is now known as the Prince of Ning rebellion. Discontent with the Emperor's reign, which was perceived as weak and corrupt, Zhu rallied troops and supporters to march towards Nanjing, the imperial capital, to assert his claim for the throne. This action not only displayed Zhu's ambitions but also highlighted a growing fragmentation of authority within the Ming hierarchy.

As Zhu mobilized his army northward towards Nanjing, the rebellion garnered attention and support from several disgruntled officials and militarily inclined regional leaders who shared similar grievances against the Zhengde administration. Zhu's forces posed a direct threat to the stability of the Ming dynasty at a pivotal moment, as the regime struggled with internal conflicts and external pressures, including disobedience from provincial leaders and unrest along its borders.

The rebellion was characterized by initially quick successes by Zhu and his forces, emphasizing both the strength of his ambitions and the vulnerabilities of the Ming dynasty at large. Reports soon diffused across the empire, amplifying fears among the ruling class about the potential for wider insurrections amidst Zhu’s claims and subsequent military actions. The rebellion ultimately underscored the complexity of the Ming political landscape during this period and offered a glimpse into the challenges faced in governance, loyalty, and the military as the dynasty continued its struggle with consolidation of power.