The Kanalkampf marked a significant escalation in the Battle for control of the English Channel during World War II. Beginning on October 7, 1940, the Luftwaffe launched a series of air assaults against British maritime shipping. This military action was part of a broader strategy devised by Adolf Hitler to weaken Britain's naval capabilities and prepare for Operation Sea Lion, which envisioned an invasion of the British Isles. At this stage of the war, Germany had already established air superiority over continental Europe and sought to extend its control to the critical waters surrounding Britain.

The air attacks targeted British merchant convoys, aiming to disrupt supply lines and damage morale among the British populace and military. The Luftwaffe deployed bombers and fighters to conduct these operations, focusing particularly on vessels en route to and from British ports. The Kanalkampf was characterized by the use of coordinated bombing raids, which attempted to inflict maximum damage on British shipping and the infrastructure supporting maritime operations.

As the attacks progressed, they highlighted the vulnerabilities of British naval logistics. However, rather than crippling Britain's resolve, the attacks rallied British defenses and contributed to a heightened sense of urgency and unity in the face of the impending German invasion. The outcome of these skirmishes played an integral role in shaping British military strategy and ultimately influenced the trajectory of the Battle of Britain, which was underway at this time. Engaging with both commercial and military targets, the Kanalkampf underscored the importance of air power and naval supremacy in achieving wartime objectives.