Baldwin IV, son of Amalric I of Jerusalem and Agnes of Courtenay, became the king at a notably young age. Born in 1161, Baldwin was heir to a kingdom that faced significant instability due to both internal divisions and the growing threat from opposing Muslim powers, these being largely represented by Saladin, the Sultan of Egypt and Syria. At just 13 years old, Baldwin was thrust into a position of leadership that demanded not only wisdom beyond his years but also immediate action regarding the kingdom's defense and governance. Raymond III, Count of Tripoli, assumed the regency to provide the necessary experience and political maneuvering during Baldwin's minority. His involvement was crucial, especially in maintaining the fragile alliances with neighboring states and in managing the tensions within the local noble class that often vied for power. William of Tyre played a vital role as chancellor, overseeing administrative matters and preserving the historical record of Baldwin's reign through his writings.

The era was marked by a precarious balance of power, with Baldwin's health being an ongoing concern, as he suffered from leprosy, which would progressively diminish his capability to rule effectively in the years to come. His illness generated anxiety regarding the stability of the succession, prompting discussions among the nobility about potential heirs and the future of the kingdom. Despite these challenges, Baldwin IV's reign saw moments of military achievement, notably in repelling Saladin's advances, even as it became evident that his condition would inhibit long-term governance. This period of Baldwin IV's kingship became a poignant chapter in the history of the Crusader states, often remembered for the young king's bravery and potential overshadowed by his health issues.