The declaration of independence by Katanga on July 11, 1960, was a pivotal moment during the Congo Crisis, a period marked by political upheaval following the Congo's independence from Belgian colonial rule just days before. Led by Moïse Tshombe, Katanga aimed to break away mainly due to its significant mineral wealth, including vast deposits of copper and cobalt that were vital to both local and international economies. In the wake of independence, the new Congolese government faced numerous challenges, including ethnic tensions, regional rivalries, and the lack of stable governance, which contributed to the secessionist movement in Katanga.

Tshombe's declaration was fueled by fears that the central government would not adequately protect Katanga's economic interests. This event triggered a complex series of conflicts, as Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba and his government were vehemently opposed to any form of secession. They viewed the separation as a direct threat to the unity of the newly independent state. The international community, including the United Nations, became involved, leading to peacekeeping efforts and further complicating the situation.

The crisis escalated as multiple factions emerged, with the intervention of Belgian troops and the UN. The secession of Katanga from the Congo persisted into the mid-1960s, significantly affecting the political landscape of the Congo. The continued strive for autonomy and control over resources laid the groundwork for future conflicts within the region, highlighting the challenges of post-colonial governance in Africa and the impact of foreign interests in local affairs.