New York City Draft Riots Erupt
July 13th, 1863
July 13th, 1863

How Long Ago?
161 years, 8 months, 2 days ago
Location
New York City, New York, United States
Category
Social Movements & Civil Rights
War/Conflict
American Civil War
Links & References
Tags
New York City Draft Riots Erupt
The New York City draft riots began as a violent reaction to the federal draft law, which mandated military service in the Civil War. Enraged by the inequity perceived in the draft and fueled by racial tensions, working-class citizens took to the streets of Manhattan. Over the course of three days, rioters targeted government buildings, the homes of wealthy citizens, and black neighborhoods. The riots culminated in widespread destruction, with numerous casualties reported, leading to a significant disruption of public order and safety.
Riots lasted three days in July 1863.
Fueled by anti-draft sentiments and racism.
Over 100 people were killed during the riots.
Targeted government buildings and black neighborhoods.
What Happened?
The New York City draft riots were a large-scale civil disturbance that broke out in response to the enactment of the Enrollment Act, which established a draft for the Union Army amidst the American Civil War. Many working-class white men protested against the draft, perceiving it as disproportionately affecting the poor while allowing wealthier individuals to pay for substitutes. This sense of injustice was heightened by the ongoing racial tensions in the city, as many white working-class citizens feared that black laborers would compete for their jobs, especially during wartime. On July 13, 1863, the riots commenced, with mobs initially targeting draft offices but soon expanding their violence to African American neighborhoods, resulting in numerous deaths and widespread destruction of property.
The unrest lasted for three days, resulting in the burning of several buildings and attacks on black citizens, forcing law enforcement and militia troops to intervene. The violence was particularly brutal, as rioters lynched black individuals, destroyed homes, and burned institutions like the Colored Orphan Asylum. The rioting showcased the deep divides in New York society, revealing significant social and racial tensions. Ultimately, the riots led to over 100 deaths and hundreds more injuries, significantly impacting city life and law enforcement's approach to civil disorder.
The events prompted governmental reflection on the draft policy and fueled further discussions on civil rights for African Americans, especially during a time when their status and treatment were hotly debated. Although the violence subsided with military intervention, the draft riots illustrated the profound socioeconomic and racial fractures within American society at the time.
Why Does it Matter?
The New York City draft riots are significant for demonstrating the intersection of class and racial tension during the Civil War era. They highlighted the struggles of the working class against wealth and privilege, shaping future labor movements and discussions about civil rights. The aftermath spurred changes in public policy regarding both the draft and race relations in the United States.
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