David Cameron's resignation marked a pivotal moment in British politics, catalyzed by the outcome of the Brexit referendum held on June 23, 2016, in which 51.9% of voters chose to leave the European Union. Cameron, who had championed the 'Remain' campaign, announced on July 13 that he would step down from his role as Prime Minister, a position he had held since May 2010. His resignation underscored the significant political turmoil and uncertainty prompted by the referendum's results, as Brexit fundamentally challenged the existing political landscape in the UK and raised questions about the country's future relationship with Europe.

Theresa May, who had been serving as Home Secretary under Cameron, was selected to succeed him. She had been a prominent political figure with a reputation for being tough on immigration and national security. Her leadership style and experience were viewed as significant as the nation faced the daunting task of navigating withdrawal from the European Union. May’s statement upon taking office emphasized unity and a commitment to working for all citizens of the United Kingdom, setting the tone for her premiership amid the ongoing challenges posed by Brexit.

Cameron's resignation and May's appointment initiated a series of rapid changes within the Conservative Party, reshaping its direction and policies. May's ascending to the leadership implemented a female prime minister for the second time in UK history, following Margaret Thatcher. As Prime Minister, May took on the complex task of leading the UK through negotiations with the EU, as well as managing internal party dynamics amid varying opinions regarding the approach to Brexit.