The Battle of Vítkov Hill took place during a period of intense conflict in Bohemia known as the Hussite Wars, which arose from a combination of social, religious, and political upheaval in the early 15th century. The Hussites, a Czech reformist movement, sought to reform the Catholic Church and demanded the right to administer the Eucharist in both kinds among other grievances. Tensions escalated when the Catholic Church rallied forces, including a Crusade led by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, seeking to crush the Hussite rebellion and reinforce Catholic orthodoxy across the region.

On the morning of July 14, a meticulously planned attack unfolded on Vítkov Hill, situated strategically above Prague. Commanded by the renowned military leader Jan Žižka, the Hussite forces employed innovative tactics including the use of war wagons, which transformed to serve as shields and firing platforms. This allowed the Hussites to maximize their defensive advantage and adapt to the advances of the numerically superior Crusader army. Despite the Crusaders’ efforts to seize the hill, Žižka’s leadership and clever strategy proved formidable. The battle culminated in a significant defeat for Sigismund's troops, who were forced to retreat in disarray.

The victory at Vítkov Hill not only secured the safety of Prague but also solidified the Hussites' position in the ongoing conflict. The battle is often celebrated for its innovative military tactics and for showcasing the determination of the Hussite movement against overwhelming odds, thus allowing them to continue their struggle for reform and autonomy in a tumultuous period of Czech history.