The Royal Academy of Turku was established under the influence of Queen Christina of Sweden, who had a keen interest in promoting education and the arts. The academy served both a local and regional purpose, catering to the growing demand for educated clergymen, teachers, and civil servants in the area. Its foundation marked an important transition as it introduced formal higher education to Finland, laying the groundwork for future educational systems in the country. The institution's curriculum included a range of subjects such as theology, philosophy, and the classics, which were essential for the clergy training at the time.

Initially, the academy operated under challenging circumstances, as it was established in a time when Finland was still relatively undeveloped compared to its neighbors. Resources were limited, and the academy faced the difficulty of attracting qualified faculty and students. However, the Royal Academy of Turku quickly gained recognition and slowly began to flourish thanks to the royal support and the burgeoning interest in education among the Finnish populace. It became known for nurturing a number of prominent scholars and became a cultural center for intellectual discourse in the region.

Furthermore, the Royal Academy of Turku's significance extended beyond academia. It played a pivotal role in the formation of Finnish national identity and intellectual life. The institution eventually influenced the establishment of subsequent universities in Finland. By the time it ceased to function in 1828, its legacy had already vastly impacted Finnish education, culture, and the arts.