Gilbert du Motier, better known as the Marquis de Lafayette, was appointed Colonel General of the National Guard of Paris, a newly formed militia composed of citizens. This development came during a period of unprecedented political upheaval in France, positioning Lafayette as a prominent figure in the early stages of the French Revolution. The National Guard was created in response to the growing unrest and a need for a force to maintain order in Paris, following instances of violence and demands for a more democratic government. Lafayette, who had gained notoriety from his involvement in the American Revolutionary War, was seen as a symbol of liberal ideals and the fight for liberty. His leadership of the National Guard was supported by various segments of society who viewed him as a stabilizing figure amid the chaotic backdrop of revolutionary actions.

The establishment of the National Guard marked a transition from an absolute monarchy to a form of citizens' governance, signifying a shift in power dynamics. Under Lafayette's command, the National Guard was tasked with maintaining peace in Paris while simultaneously being a force of revolutionary zeal. Lafayette sought to balance the military's role in supporting the common people with the need for order, reflecting his philosophical belief in moderation and constitutional government. His appointment was not just political; it was a cultural moment, intertwining the aspirations of the masses with the responsibilities of leadership.

The move to establish the National Guard and appoint Lafayette came as the Bastille, a symbol of tyranny, was increasingly viewed as a target for revolutionary action. This appointment highlighted the growing consciousness around citizen rights and personal freedoms, ensconced in the spirit of the Enlightenment. Lafayette's ability to garner popular support positioned him as an ambassador for revolutionary ideas, as he navigated the complexities of his dual role as both a military leader and a proponent of liberty. His influence remained significant as the revolution progressed, even amidst the tumultuous events that would follow, shaping the course of French history significantly.