The Battle of Penghu represented a crucial conflict in the struggle for control over Taiwan between the Manchu Qing dynasty and the Kingdom of Tungning, which had established its presence on the island under Ming loyalists. Shi Lang, the commander of the Qing naval forces, had been preparing for this engagement as part of the Qing efforts to assert dominance over Taiwan and vanquish all remaining Ming loyalist factions. The battle was fought near the Pescadores Islands, a strategic maritime position that provided both logistics and visibility for naval operations. The Qing forces employed superior naval tactics and ship design, including the effective use of fire ships and coordinated attacks, which led to the disarray and eventual retreat of Tungning's naval forces.Notably, the victory at Penghu allowed the Qing dynasty to reinforce its intentions of fully annexing Taiwan, which had been seen as a haven for those loyal to the Ming dynasty. The defeat of the Tungning fleet facilitated subsequent Qing expeditions into Taiwan, ultimately leading to the formal incorporation of the island into the Qing Empire. The consequences of this victory rippled through the region, affecting trade routes and the status of local powers, as it diminished the Kohans in the area while boosting Qing influence over Southeast Asia.