The College of Arms, a corporation responsible for heraldry and genealogy in England, had experienced various changes and challenges before receiving a new Royal Charter. The charter signed by Queen Mary I of England and her husband, King Philip II of Spain, on July 18, 1555, provided the legal framework necessary for the College to operate officially. Established initially in the 15th century, the College's functions included granting coats of arms, conducting genealogical research, and maintaining records of armory. The reinstatement highlighted the importance of heraldry in English society, especially in the context of the monarchy’s need for identity and legacy.

The signing of the charter was not merely a legal formality; it symbolized the political alliance between England and Spain during Mary’s reign, which was marked by her marriage to Philip II. This union reflected broader European political dynamics of the era, emphasizing the intertwining of royal power, heraldic authority, and national identity. The charter ensured that the College of Arms would continue to thrive as a key institution for generations, tasked with upholding the standards and traditions of heraldic representation.

Continuity and stability within the College were paramount as England faced the potential threats of religious upheaval and political instability. The charter underlined the monarchy’s commitment to maintaining order and recognized the importance of heraldic traditions in expressing lineage, status, and honor. This formal recognition helped bolster the College's reputation, ensuring its role as an authoritative body in matters of arms and genealogy for the Crown.