Sagarmatha National Park was established primarily to safeguard the unique natural and cultural attributes of the region surrounding the world's highest peak, Mount Everest. The park encompasses an area of approximately 1,148 square kilometers and includes diverse ecosystems ranging from deep valleys to high-altitude areas. It provides a habitat for rare and endangered species, including the snow leopard and the red panda, alongside a variety of endemic plants. The park's establishment was a strategic move by the Nepalese government to promote conservation efforts in response to growing ecological concerns and the increasing pressure of tourism in the area.

The park’s significance extends beyond its stunning landscapes and biodiversity; it is also a site of profound spiritual importance to the Sherpa community, who have lived in the region for centuries. The Sherpa culture is inextricably linked to their environment, with many religious sites scattered throughout the park. Local Sherpas actively participate in the park’s management and conservation practices, ensuring their traditional knowledge helps protect both the natural ecosystems and cultural heritage of the area.

With its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979, Sagarmatha National Park attracted global attention as a critical site for conservation and research. This recognition underscored the importance of preserving the park's unique ecological and cultural landscape while promoting sustainable tourism that respects both the environment and the local communities.