The 1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy remains one of the deadliest incidents in the history of the Hajj pilgrimage, which attracts millions of Muslims from around the globe each year. On that fateful day, a combination of overcrowding and mismanagement in a pedestrian tunnel designed to facilitate the movement of pilgrims towards the holy sites contributed to the chaos that ensued. The tunnel was intended to ease congestion, but instead it became a site of catastrophic failure. As pilgrims began to flock through the tunnel, panic spread when a bottleneck occurred, leading to a crush and individuals being suffocated in the ensuing chaos. The struggle to escape the overwhelming crowd resulted in a deadly trampling effect, claiming the lives of many.Following the tragedy, investigations highlighted the need for improved safety measures during the Hajj pilgrimage, leading to significant changes in crowd management protocols and infrastructure designed to prevent similar disasters. The incident resonated on a global scale, leading to increased scrutiny over pilgrimage safety and the responsibilities of Saudi authorities in managing such large gatherings of people. The loss of life was deepened by the emotional weight carried by families and communities worldwide, mourning the deceased. The event also sparked discussions concerning the logistics of managing massive religious gatherings in confined spaces, a challenge faced not just in the context of Hajj but also in other gatherings worldwide.