The first Japanese invasion of Korea, known as the Imjin War, began in 1592 under the leadership of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The initial stages of the invasion saw rapid advances by the Japanese army, which sought to foster a path toward China. As Japanese forces made their way through the Korean Peninsula, they captured crucial urban centers, including the ancient city of Pyongyang. The city served as an important administrative and military hub, strategically positioned in the northwest of Korea.

Once captured, Pyongyang became a pivotal base for the Japanese army during their campaign. However, Korean forces, bolstered by Ming Dynasty support, began organizing a counter-offensive. The Korean military employed various strategies, including guerrilla tactics, to disrupt Japanese supply lines. Despite early success in capturing Pyongyang, the Japanese faced numerous challenges in maintaining control over the city as local resistance mounted, exacerbated by logistical issues and dwindling resources.

Over the following months, the tides turned against the Japanese as Ming reinforcements arrived to assist the Koreans. By 1593, the Japanese were forced to retreat from Pyongyang, highlighting the resilience of Korean forces and the complications of establishing sustainable occupation in hostile territory. The struggle for Pyongyang ultimately symbolized the broader chaos and cultural clash that characterized this monumental conflict.