The Belfast Pogrom was a critical point in the escalation of sectarian violence that plagued Northern Ireland during the early 20th century. In July 1920, rising tensions between the Protestant and Catholic communities culminated in significant violence and resulted in the systematic expulsion of thousands of Catholic workers from their employment in factories, shipyards, and linen mills across Belfast. This violence was driven by a combination of economic competition and longstanding religious animosities. The backdrop of the conflict included the broader political struggles surrounding the newly established Northern Ireland government, which was perceived by many as favoring the Protestant majority and systematically marginalizing the Catholic minority.

During this period, many Catholic workers, who were integral to industries crucial for Belfast's economy, found themselves targeted. As protests and riots escalated, local authorities and workers associated with Protestant-controlled unions expelled their Catholic counterparts. In many cases, these expulsions were accompanied by violence, intimidation, and destruction of property. The events of July 1920 initiated a period of turmoil that lasted for two years, characterized by further violence and displacement within Belfast's communities, which saw the strengthening of sectarian divides.

The economic impact of these actions was profound, as entire communities were uprooted, leading to a significant demographic shift in areas of Belfast. The long-term effects of the pogrom would resonate through the following decades, as sectarianism would become a defining feature of Northern Irish society, contributing to the later conflicts of The Troubles in the late 20th century.