In July 1813, Sir Thomas Maitland was appointed the first Governor of Malta, marking a pivotal transformation in the island's political status. Prior to this appointment, Malta functioned as a British protectorate since the end of the Napoleonic Wars. The change in governance to that of a de facto colony was motivated by Malta's strategic position in the Mediterranean, which was essential for British naval operations and trade routes. Sir Thomas Maitland, a seasoned military leader, was tasked with overseeing this transition, which aimed to solidify British control over the island during a critical era of European geopolitical tensions.

Maitland’s administration brought significant reforms that impacted various aspects of Maltese society. He focused on improving the island’s infrastructure, which included road construction, the establishment of public services, and enhancements to the healthcare system. Moreover, he sought to modernize local governance, promoting a degree of efficiency and order within the colonial framework. His efforts were aimed not only at consolidating British power but also at peacemaking in a post-war context, which involved managing diverse local customs and political sentiments.

Maitland’s governance represented the broader colonial strategy of the British Empire during this period. By integrating Malta more closely into the imperial framework, the British sought to utilize its geographical advantages while also combating any potential insurgence and ensuring stability in the region. The reforms initiated during his governorship would have lasting effects on Malta, shaping its future political landscape and colonial experience well into the 19th century.