Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos was appointed as the Archbishop of Goa, reflecting the continuing significance of the Catholic Church in Portuguese colonial territories, especially in India. This appointment came at a time when Goa was a crucial hub for the Portuguese Empire, serving as a center of trade and cultural exchange between Europe and Asia. The archbishopric was not only a religious position but also held considerable influence over social and political matters in the region. He succeeded his predecessor and undertook the challenge of addressing various ecclesiastical and secular issues that were pressing during his tenure.

During this period, the Catholic Church in Goa faced numerous challenges, including the need to engage with the local populace and maintain doctrinal integrity amidst cultural diversity. The Archbishop’s role included overseeing the local clergy, managing church properties, and ensuring adherence to Catholic teachings. Furthermore, the colonial context necessitated close cooperation with Portuguese authorities to address the needs of both the European settlers and the indigenous population. His appointment underscored the intertwined nature of spirituality and colonial governance that characterized the period.

Ornelas e Vasconcelos' leadership was pivotal in reinforcing the Catholic faith in Goa, as he promoted parochial activities and managed educational initiatives aimed at converting and educating the local populace. His efforts also contributed to preserving Portuguese culture and identity in the colony during a time of increasing challenges from local resistance and other colonial powers. The archbishopric itself was a reflection of the broader dynamics of colonialism where religion played a central role in governance and cultural exchange.