In 1534, Jacques Cartier embarked on a significant expedition funded by the French crown, aiming to explore the newly discovered lands of North America. As he navigated the St. Lawrence River, he reached the Gaspé Peninsula, where he encountered indigenous populations and noted the area's remarkable natural resources. In an overt display of conquest and faith, Cartier planted a large wooden cross on the peninsula, inscribed with the words 'Vive le Roi de France' (Long Live the King of France). This act served as a formal claim to the territory on behalf of Francis I, showcasing the intersection of exploration, religion, and politics during this era.

Cartier's planting of the cross was not merely symbolic—it represented the French crown's aspirations to expand its influence across the oceans. This ceremonial claim was part of a broader European trend during the 16th century, where explorers sought to chart unknown territories and assert power over them. The events at Gaspé were crucial as they marked the start of French colonial ambitions in Canada, leading to further expeditions and, eventually, the establishment of New France. Cartier's interactions with the indigenous peoples and the environmental riches he reported caught the attention of French merchants and explorers.

Despite the challenges Cartier faced, including harsh weather and unfamiliar territories, his actions laid the groundwork for the future colonization and settlement of the region by the French. These initial interactions sparked a complex relationship between European settlers and the indigenous peoples that would evolve over the following centuries.