The armed conflict between Libya and Egypt, known as the Libyan–Egyptian War, stemmed from a combination of historical grievances and territorial disputes, particularly around the borders designated in earlier treaties. Escalating tensions saw Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi adopt an increasingly confrontational stance towards Egypt under President Anwar Sadat, who had been pursuing a peace agenda while navigating complex regional politics. In early July 1977, the situation deteriorated rapidly, leading to a series of skirmishes along the border.

The actual fighting commenced on July 21, where both sides mobilized their forces. Libyan troops managed to gain ground but faced stiff resistance from the Egyptian military, who was well-prepared due to prior intelligence on the Libyan movements. The conflict was characterized by airstrikes and artillery exchanges, with significant losses reported on both sides. The four-day engagement saw the mobilization of thousands of troops and military hardware, with local civilian populations caught in the crossfire, fueling animosities and humanitarian concerns.

As hostilities escalated, international attention focused on the fought-out border conflicts. Efforts by the Arab League to mediate the confrontation were initiated, culminating in a ceasefire agreement. By the end of this brief but intense war, both countries found themselves in a precarious position regarding their military and economic stability, ultimately leading to the realization that a long-term resolution was necessary for regional peace.