The derailment occurred when a high-speed Alvia train, traveling from Madrid to Ferrol, approached a tight curve near Santiago de Compostela, Spain. The train was reported to be traveling at 190 km/h—almost 2.5 times the permitted speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph). As the train rounded the corner, it struck the outer rail and overturned, causing devastating consequences for the passengers aboard. The aftermath of the accident revealed that the train's driver had attempted to slow down but could not manage to reduce speed sufficiently in time. 

Rescue operations commenced immediately, with emergency services and local authorities deploying to the scene. Many victims were trapped in the wreckage, and first responders worked tirelessly to extract survivors. Ultimately, 78 passengers lost their lives, and 173 others sustained various injuries, highlighting the severe implications of the accident. Investigations soon followed, examining the factors leading to the crash and revealing potential shortcomings in rail safety protocols and operations.

The Spanish government and rail authority faced intense scrutiny, with calls for improved safety measures and training for train operators. The incident prompted discussions on the safety culture in high-speed rail systems, both in Spain and internationally. The tragedy served as a wake-up call, emphasizing the need for stringent adherence to safety regulations and protocols within the transport sector.