In 1814, Norway declared independence from Denmark after the Treaty of Kiel, which resulted from the Napoleonic Wars. Seeking to unify with Sweden, Norway sparked tensions as a significant nationalist movement began to grow. Sweden, eager to reclaim territory lost during its past wars, viewed Norway's independence as a direct threat. The Swedish–Norwegian War began as Sweden mobilized its military to enforce its claim over Norway. The implications of this war were profound, as both nations engaged in various battles through the summer and autumn. Norway, while initially caught off guard, managed to muster a defense and secure a degree of international sympathy.

The war was marked by several key confrontations, producing significant military maneuvers and strategic campaigns. Although facing greater numerical strength, Norwegian forces utilized the rugged terrain to their advantage. Over time, the conflict drew attention from both the European powers and the local populations, leading to changes in diplomatic interactions within Scandinavia. Ultimately, the war ended with an armistice in early 1815, which would later lead to the Karlstad Treaty defining the borders and relationships between the two nations, solidifying Norway's terms for union under Swedish control.

This series of conflicts set the stage for the eventual dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway. The backdrop of the war reflected the broader ideological shifts within Europe, as nationalism began to take root across various territories, fueling aspirations for independence and self-determination. As the war concluded, both nations faced the challenge of establishing a coherent national identity while navigating post-war relations.