In the aftermath of seven years of military rule in Greece, which began with the 1967 coup d'état, significant unrest and political pressure forced a transition back to civilian governance. Konstantinos Karamanlis, a prominent political figure exiled during the junta, returned to Athens amid a climate that increasingly favored democratic principles. His appointment as Prime Minister was seen as a pivotal moment in restoring democracy to a nation that had experienced considerable upheaval. Upon assuming the role, Karamanlis focused on liberalizing the political landscape, enhancing civil rights, and fostering a sense of national unity after years of repression.

His government initiated a series of reforms aimed at stabilizing the nation, including working on matters regarding the economy and international relations, particularly with the European Community, aiming for integration that would eventually lead to Greece's membership in 1981. The political landscape at this time was characterized by a struggle for power among various factions, and Karamanlis's leadership was crucial in diffusing tensions and guiding the country towards a democratic future. The changes he enacted laid the groundwork for the modernization of Greek society and governance, signifying a new era in Greek politics.

The transition also had international implications, as it marked a shift in global perceptions of Greece post-junta. Karamanlis's government worked meticulously to repair Greece’s international image, focusing on rebuilding diplomatic relations and asserting Greece's position within the broader European context. The establishment of a civilian government represented not just a political shift but a cultural renaissance, as the citizens looked toward a brighter, more inclusive future.