Francis Xavier, a co-founder of the Jesuit order, embarked on a journey to Japan with the aim of introducing Christianity to Asia. He arrived on the island of Kyushu, specifically at Kagoshima, after previously working in India where he successfully converted many locals. The arrival of Xavier signaled the beginning of substantial European missionary work in Japan, a country that was largely unfamiliar with Christianity. Xavier's expedition was inspired by a desire to spread the teachings of Christ and establish a foothold for the Catholic Church in Eastern territories. His efforts were characterized by a deep respect for Japanese culture and customs, which he believed were essential to effectively communicating Christian doctrine.

The encounter was marked by Xavier’s interactions with local leaders, including the daimyō, or feudal lord of the region, who showed a curiosity towards new ideas and beliefs. Though initial reception was mixed, Xavier’s methods of learning the Japanese language and respecting local traditions garnered a following. He spent considerable time evangelizing and laid the groundwork for future Jesuits, who would continue the mission throughout Japan. Xavier’s work in Japan represented the intersection of European ambition, religious fervor, and cultural exchange, creating a complex tapestry of interactions that would evolve over the decades to come.