The second Navigation Act was a significant legislative measure passed by the English Parliament aimed at enforcing and enhancing English economic interests in the American colonies. The Act stipulated that all goods destined for the colonies had to be transported on English ships, thereby restricting trade routes and maximizing the profit for English merchants. This was part of a broader mercantilist strategy that sought to control colonial trade practices, thereby enhancing the economic prosperity of England while limiting foreign influence and competition. With detailed specifications on qualifying vessels and cargo regulations, the Act was intended to ensure that England would benefit financially from its colonies.

The enforcement of the Navigation Act reflected the growing tension between colonial aspirations and the metropole's control mechanisms. English shipbuilders and traders welcomed the legislation as it provided them exclusive access to lucrative colonial markets. However, the resulting restrictions led to resentment among colonists, who were forced to rely on often more expensive British goods and shipping services. This imposition contributed to the foundations of colonial discontent, laying the groundwork for future conflicts over trade policies and governance.

Later, with the Acts of Union in 1707, Scotland was included under the same maritime regulations. This integration created a stronger economic alliance between England and Scotland, but also further tightened the Crown's grip on colonial trade. The Navigation Acts would evolve over the coming decades, leading to colonial pushback that would shape the trajectory toward independence in the 18th century, as grievances regarding economic controls became intertwined with demands for self-governance and rights.